Saturday, December 6, 2014

Arquitecturas de los Estados y la Integridad Territorial de la Madre Tierra


Descolonización de la Madre Tierra

Arquitecturas de los Estados
y la

Acuerdo de Principios y Propósito

Reunidos en la Cumbre de los Pueblos Frente el Cambio Climático, en Lima, Perú y en la plena realización de la urgencia por acción definitiva basado de nuestras prerrogativas mutuamente compartidos como Pueblos de la Madre Tierra, que incluyen los Derechos Humanos de las generaciones futuras, y en la afirmación de nuestras responsabilidades igualmente compartidas a la Madre Tierra como comunidades emparentados por ella en todo el planeta, nos dirigimos a la Cumbre COP20 y la totalidad de la sociedad humana a PROCLAMAR:

Las arquitecturas de los Estados y sus Acuerdos son insuficientes, incompetentes y no representativos de nuestra voluntad política y nuestra autodeterminación como pueblos de la Madre Tierra para abordar las causas sistémicas del cambio climático con el enfoque integral y equitativo necesario para evitar el colapso de ecosistemas y la TERRACIDIA.

Como Pueblos de la Madre Tierra, colectivamente determinamos a regenerar las relaciones entre nosotros mismos dentro de un clima cultural de Respeto Mutuo, la Inclusión, la Complementariedad y la Libre Determinación más allá de las limitaciones actuales de los sistemas internacionales de la soberanía de los Estados y en la responsabilidad para el bienestar de la las generaciones futuras;
Reconociendo que a menos que esta dimensión fundamental de las relaciones internacionales entre las sociedades humanas a nivel planetario sea reconocido,  establecido y afirmado, no habrá progreso sostenible para hacer frente de manera eficaz y en tiempo frente el escenario de Caos Climático que ahora acontece toda la Humanidad debido al impacto sobre Clima Global exacerbado por las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por la sociedad industrial y las industrias extractivas en particular, y en complicidad con los gobiernos nacionales de los estados y los sistemas internacionales monetarios y las instituciones existentes. 

Por lo tanto proclamamos y por la presente reafirmamos en Responsabilidad colectiva como Pueblos de la Madre Tierra, en Igualdad con todos los Pueblos, nuestro derecho colectivo de Representación y Libre determinación para abordar las cuestiones antes de la COP20 mas allá de las limitaciones de la arquitectura de los Estados y sus acuerdos.

Además afirmamos y proclamamos en el ejercicio plena, efectiva, y completo de nuestra Derecho de Libre determinación compartida igualmente como Pueblos de la Madre Tierra, que nuestra sagrada Madre Tierra es sujeto del Derecho de Libre determinación más allá de las limitaciones jurídicas del sistema Westfaliano de Soberanía de los Estados representados en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas y las arquitecturas internacionales de personalidad y los procedimientos de negociación y acuerdos;


Por lo tanto:

Declaramos nuestra INTERDEPENDENCIA y Solidaridad como pueblos de la Madre Tierra y exigimos el reconocimiento, el respeto y la protección de los constituyentes particulares y integrales de nuestros Pueblos de la Madre Tierra como se representa en nuestras responsabilidades para con la cuencas Tierra:Agua y El Mar (hidrosfera) del planeta, más allá de las limitaciones inconexas y corruptos del sistema Westfaliano de soberanía de los estados representados en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas y las actuales arquitecturas internacionales de personalidad y los procedimientos de negociación y acuerdos;

Tales principios de Reconocimiento, el Respeto y la Protección a continuación, se instituyeran para abordar las responsabilidades ecológicas corolarios como están inscritos en las cuestiones climáticas de las interrelaciones del Viento:Sol, es decir, los sistemas energéticos atmosféricas y planetarias de la Madre Tierra, tanto naturales como tecnológicos, incluyendo las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.



En cumplimiento de lo que afirmamos y ahora proclamamos nuestro compromiso mutuo de defensa y protección de la Integridad Territorial de la Madre Tierra como un principio fundamental del Derecho Internacional que integra el Derecho a la Libre Determinación de las Naciones de Pueblos Originarios para intervenir en la defensa de la Madre Tierra y tomar las medidas correctivas necesarias en el ejercicio pleno del derecho de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado en defensa de sus territorios y naciones.

 NAHUACALLI
Embajada de Pueblos Indigenas
www.nahuacalli.org

Minga Mundial de los Medios
WWW.MMM.WWW









Seven Global Currencies of the Indigenous Peoples

Life Sustaining Systems of Exchange and Reciprocity
An Evaluation Matrix for the Global Economy and Millennium Development Goals
The Breath of Life
The Water of Life
The Givers of Life
The Sustainers of Life
The Foundation of Life
The Sharers of Life
The Seed of Life
*************************************
The Breath of Life: The Air, Winds and Atmosphere
The Water of Life: The Waters, the Clouds, Waterways, Rivers and Streams, and Oceans
The Givers of Life: The Sacred Species: Buffalo, Deer, Salmon, and Eagle
The Sustainers of Life: Corn, Beans. Squash (agriculture)
The Foundation of Life: The Land and Territory, Mother Earth
The Sharers of Life: Community and Nations
The Seed of Life: Spirit –Light






The Tides of Time


Everyday in the news we hear of the global economy, of events that take place around the world that affect our economic reality as nations, communities and families. It is a great challenge to educate and prepare our youth to encounter success in the future of an increasingly global economic society. To participate in the construction of the future, and not just be dragged along by the effects is one of the principal and practical goals of education. In reality, it has always been a global economy. Traditional indigenous cultures from around the world have always maintained that it is only one earth, one water, one air, and one sun that nourishes us all, and all economic systems reflect this reality as the bottom line – which is not a really a line but a formula, an equation.

What are the factors of this equation? Technology is one, but should not be the prime determinant. Neither should the monetary policies of the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund or the government states be given the exclusive power of determining the value systems by which we identify and implement the economic currencies of humanity.

Seas of Emergence

The term economy gives us a clue by the root “ECO” which also serves in defining the term ECOLOGY. (From the Greek “oikos” which means house.) Traditional cultures from around the world maintain that the entirety of the ecosystem of the planet is our “house” which we strive to make a “home”- a chante – with our cultures for the future generations of humanity. From this perspective, the Sun and Earth maintain a primary role in tandem as authors of the equation of life. From this perspective, the tides of time, which we observe and measure with our calendars, serve to remind us of how far we have come on the journey to success, the journey to achieve our global humanity, and how far we have yet to go.



www.tonatierra.org
P.O. Box 24009 Phoenix, AZ 85074
Email: tonal@tonatierra.org



Wednesday, December 3, 2014

Declaration of the Forum on Indigenous Communication Abya Yala

Declaration of the National and International Forum on Indigenous Communication and Public Policy:
Debates and Practices
Popayán, Cauca - Abya Yala [Colombia] November 26-29, 2014
 

November 29, 2014

Indigenous Communication and Territorial Realities

International Context

The Forced Disappearances of Ayotzinapa

Whereas on September 26th in the Mexican municipality of Iguala de la Independencia, in the state of Guerrero, municipal police attacked students from the Rural Normal School of Ayotzinapa in several episodes of violence, a criminal assault leaving six people dead, twenty wounded and the forced disappearance of 43 students of the Rural Normal School Raúl Isidro Burgos;

Faced with such critical realities and processes affecting of our Nations of Indigenous Peoples across all of Abya Yala:

We commit to:

Denounce and bring permanent visibility to these realities, mobilize and join forces from within our respective communication processes to demand respect for the territories, processes and rights of our Nations of Indigenous Peoples.

Express our solidarity with the peoples of Mexico and demand of the Mexican State accountability and to drastically punish the responsible parties of the forced disappearance of 43 indigenous students Ayotzinapa, Iguala in the state of Guerrero.  We demand an end to impunity and the criminalization of the protests realized in the past two months. We join the worldwide outcry: "They were taken alive, we want them back alive!"
In Ecuador:

We condemn the persecution, prosecution and criminalization of indigenous and social leaders in Ecuador.
In Colombia:

The Afro Colombian, campesino, indigenous as well as popular social sectors of Colombia are experiencing situations that threaten their ancestral territories and survival as peoples, due to displacement, forced recruitment, restricted mobility and occupation of their territories.

The Nasa Communities of Putumayo communities demand respect for their territories against the expropriation that has been driven by the oil industry and the territorial disputes between armed groups.

Indigenous and campesino communities have mobilized to block construction of the dam El Quimbo to demand enforcement of agreements with the national government of Colombia, protecting them against displacement from their territories.

Afro-Columbian women of Suarez Cauca who have mobilized to demand respect for their territories being exploited by large scale mining corporations have suffered repression by the government.

Two members of the Guardia Indigena (Indigenous Self Defense Guard) were killed by FARC in Toribio Cauca in early November and on November 25th a defender of the territory was prosecuted and condemned to prison by the law of the state of Colombia;



Public Communication Policies

Whereas the indigenous movement in Colombia, represented by five national indigenous organizations, has developed a proposal for Public Policy of Indigenous Communication within the framework of the Permanent Committee of National Communication;

We commit to:

Support the proposal of Public Policy of Indigenous Communication developed by indigenous organizations in Colombia and call for its adoption and implementation by the State of Colombia, allocating resources and the necessary guarantees for immediate implementation with the participation of indigenous peoples.

Continue to provide feed back into these processes of Public Policy with our communities and implement its applicability with practical actions based from our territories, as well as disseminate the participatory construction of the Public Policy of Indigenous Communication and share its contents as a contribution to international regional processes and as an initiative in practice of the mandates of the two continental Summits of Indigenous Communications of Abya Yala.

Third Continental Summit of Communication

In consideration that from 17 to 20 September a Pre-Summit Preparatory Meeting was held in La Paz, Bolivia to prepare for the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communication of Abya Yala, whereupon the National Commission under charge of the Unity Pact of Indigenous Organizations under the direction of the Indigenous Audiovisual Coordinator of Bolivia (CAIB) was formally installed and where proposals were elaborated, and recommendations made for the realization of the 3rd Summit;

Likewise, it is recommended that the indigenous organizations responsible for follow through at the international level of the first and second summits to empower themselves with the responsibilities of these mandates and offer political orientation in order to not make the mistake that would allow NGOs to take over ownership of these processes with different objectives than that of the purposes of the proposed by the Original Nations.

That the National Organizing Committee of the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications has scheduled a number of preparatory activities, such an event in May 2015 to review and approve the methodology through which the institutions participating in the International Operations Commission must participate.

We commit to:

Position the III Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications as a key strategic event to assert the right to communication as an essential human right in the exercise other human rights which should be acknowledged with greater importance in the new millennium.

Support the national processes in Bolivia for the organization of the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications, and promote the participation of the diverse indigenous communication processes in the scheduled events.
Collective strategy and advocacy

Considering the need to unite forces and achieve a greater international political projection in order to make visible and contribute to the exercise of the right of communication of indigenous peoples.

We commit to:

Strengthen the networking efforts to unite our initiatives and experiences at the national and international levels of indigenous communication and elaborate a virtual platform in expression of the right to indigenous communication in order to facilitate the coordination of actions and to exchange resources and experiences.

Form an intercultural legal working group to monitor the situation of the right of communication of Indigenous Peoples and develop legal initiatives of international scope from the foundations of "Original Law".

Involve and engage the international agencies of the United Nations and the Inter-American System of Human Rights (IACHR-OAS, Inter-IDH) in order to make visible the Right of Communication of Indigenous Peoples and insist that the States to promote their respect and application.

Promote partnerships with international institutions and networks to make common cause with the Right to Communication and the establishment of regulatory frameworks that promote indigenous community radio and television media.
   
It is proposed that the commissions that were generated from the First and Second Summit be reestablished along with their members.

It is proposed that in the area of Formation of Indigenous Communicators efforts should be made to unify or coordinate the different organizational experiences that already exist.

In terms of strengthening thee Formation of Indigenous Women Communicators, it is proposed to join in the efforts that already exist.

It is proposed that the virtual platform be reactivated.
   
Regarding the Observatory it is proposed to join with the efforts being realized already in the various continental processes.
   
Regarding the slogan or slogans is proposed that each production (graphical, radial and audiovisual) that is generated from the organizations and groups included the slogan: "On the Road to the 3rd Continental Summit of Indigenous Communication, Bolivia 2016".
    
It is agreed to integrate training initiatives of Formation of Indigenous Communicators with those initiatives established by the Indigenous Peoples and Nationalities such as the Network of Indigenous Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala- RUIICAY.


Indigenous Games

Whereas the Inter Tribal Committee of Brazil is promoting the Games of Indigenous Peoples as a global event that shall contribute to visualize the presence and richness of Indigenous Peoples:

It is agreed:

To contribute to the dissemination and convocation of the Indigenous Games and facilitate a complementary preparatory meeting of coordination to advance the trajectory of the indigenous agenda of international communication.


People's Summit on Climate Change

Whereas from December 8 -11 there will be held in Lima, Peru, the People's Summit on Climate Change as an alternative event of indigenous peoples and civil society to the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Convention on Change climate or COP 20, during which a World March will be held in Defense of Mother Earth on December 10 under the slogan: "Change the system, not the climate."

It is agreed:

In support of the People's Summit on Climate Change, and the World March in Defense of Mother Earth, the Indigenous Communicators of Abya Yala shall disseminate the contributions that are developed from this alternative effort from the perspective of Indigenous Peoples.

We salute the 90th anniversary of the Kuna Revolution February 2015 in Panama.

Popayán, Cauca - Abya Yala [Colombia] November 2014

CRIC 
Consejo Regional Indígena Regional del Cauca - CRIC

###
Translation: TONATIERRA

Declaration of the Forum on Indigenous Communication Abya Yala


Declaration of the National and International Forum on Indigenous Communication and Public Policy:
Debates and Practices
Popayán, Cauca - Abya Yala [Colombia] November 26-29, 2014
 

November 29, 2014

Indigenous Communication and Territorial Realities

International Context

The Forced Disappearances of Ayotzinapa

Whereas on September 26th in the Mexican municipality of Iguala de la Independencia, in the state of Guerrero, municipal police attacked students from the Rural Normal School of Ayotzinapa in several episodes of violence, a criminal assault leaving six people dead, twenty wounded and the forced disappearance of 43 students of the Rural Normal School Raúl Isidro Burgos;
Faced with such critical realities and processes affecting of our Nations of Indigenous Peoples across all of Abya Yala:

We commit to:

Denounce and bring permanent visibility to these realities, mobilize and join forces from within our respective communication processes to demand respect for the territories, processes and rights of our Nations of Indigenous Peoples.

Express our solidarity with the peoples of Mexico and demand of the Mexican State accountability and to drastically punish the responsible parties of the forced disappearance of 43 indigenous students Ayotzinapa, Iguala in the state of Guerrero.  We demand an end to impunity and the criminalization of the protests realized in the past two months. We join the worldwide outcry: "They were taken alive, we want them back alive!"
In Ecuador:

We condemn the persecution, prosecution and criminalization of indigenous and social leaders in Ecuador.
In Colombia:

The Afro Colombian, campesino, indigenous as well as popular social sectors of Colombia are experiencing situations that threaten their ancestral territories and survival as peoples, due to displacement, forced recruitment, restricted mobility and occupation of their territories.

The Nasa Communities of Putumayo communities demand respect for their territories against the expropriation that has been driven by the oil industry and the territorial disputes between armed groups.

Indigenous and campesino communities have mobilized to block construction of the dam El Quimbo to demand enforcement of agreements with the national government of Colombia, protecting them against displacement from their territories.

Afro-Columbian women of Suarez Cauca who have mobilized to demand respect for their territories being exploited by large scale mining corporations have suffered repression by the government.

Two members of the Guardia Indigena (Indigenous Self Defense Guard) were killed by FARC in Toribio Cauca in early November and on November 25th a defender of the territory was prosecuted and condemned to prison by the law of the state of Colombia;


Public Communication Policies

Whereas the indigenous movement in Colombia, represented by five national indigenous organizations, has developed a proposal for Public Policy of Indigenous Communication within the framework of the Permanent Committee of National Communication;

We commit to:

Support the proposal of Public Policy of Indigenous Communication developed by indigenous organizations in Colombia and call for its adoption and implementation by the State of Colombia, allocating resources and the necessary guarantees for immediate implementation with the participation of indigenous peoples.

Continue to provide feed back into these processes of Public Policy with our communities and implement its applicability with practical actions based from our territories, as well as disseminate the participatory construction of the Public Policy of Indigenous Communication and share its contents as a contribution to international regional processes and as an initiative in practice of the mandates of the two continental Summits of Indigenous Communications of Abya Yala.

Third Continental Summit of Communication

In consideration that from 17 to 20 September a Pre-Summit Preparatory Meeting was held in La Paz, Bolivia to prepare for the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communication of Abya Yala, whereupon the National Commission under charge of the Unity Pact of Indigenous Organizations under the direction of the Indigenous Audiovisual Coordinator of Bolivia (CAIB) was formally installed and where proposals were elaborated, and recommendations made for the realization of the 3rd Summit;

Likewise, it is recommended that the indigenous organizations responsible for follow through at the international level of the first and second summits to empower themselves with the responsibilities of these mandates and offer political orientation in order to not make the mistake that would allow NGOs to take over ownership of these processes with different objectives than that of the purposes of the proposed by the Original Nations.

That the National Organizing Committee of the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications has scheduled a number of preparatory activities, such an event in May 2015 to review and approve the methodology through which the institutions participating in the International Operations Commission must participate.

We commit to:

Position the III Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications as a key strategic event to assert the right to communication as an essential human right in the exercise other human rights which should be acknowledged with greater importance in the new millennium.

Support the national processes in Bolivia for the organization of the Third Continental Summit of Indigenous Communications, and promote the participation of the diverse indigenous communication processes in the scheduled events.
Collective strategy and advocacy

Considering the need to unite forces and achieve a greater international political projection in order to make visible and contribute to the exercise of the right of communication of indigenous peoples.

We commit to:

Strengthen the networking efforts to unite our initiatives and experiences at the national and international levels of indigenous communication and elaborate a virtual platform in expression of the right to indigenous communication in order to facilitate the coordination of actions and to exchange resources and experiences.

Form an intercultural legal working group to monitor the situation of the right of communication of Indigenous Peoples and develop legal initiatives of international scope from the foundations of "Original Law".

Involve and engage the international agencies of the United Nations and the Inter-American System of Human Rights (IACHR-OAS, Inter-IDH) in order to make visible the Right of Communication of Indigenous Peoples and insist that the States to promote their respect and application.

Promote partnerships with international institutions and networks to make common cause with the Right to Communication and the establishment of regulatory frameworks that promote indigenous community radio and television media.
   
It is proposed that the commissions that were generated from the First and Second Summit be reestablished along with their members.

It is proposed that in the area of Formation of Indigenous Communicators efforts should be made to unify or coordinate the different organizational experiences that already exist.

In terms of strengthening thee Formation of Indigenous Women Communicators, it is proposed to join in the efforts that already exist.

It is proposed that the virtual platform be reactivated.
   
Regarding the Observatory it is proposed to join with the efforts being realized already in the various continental processes.
   
Regarding the slogan or slogans is proposed that each production (graphical, radial and audiovisual) that is generated from the organizations and groups included the slogan: "On the Road to the 3rd Continental Summit of Indigenous Communication, Bolivia 2016".
    
It is agreed to integrate training initiatives of Formation of Indigenous Communicators with those initiatives established by the Indigenous Peoples and Nationalities such as the Network of Indigenous Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala- RUIICAY.


Indigenous Games

Whereas the Inter Tribal Committee of Brazil is promoting the Games of Indigenous Peoples as a global event that shall contribute to visualize the presence and richness of Indigenous Peoples:

It is agreed:

To contribute to the dissemination and convocation of the Indigenous Games and facilitate a complementary preparatory meeting of coordination to advance the trajectory of the indigenous agenda of international communication.


People's Summit on Climate Change

Whereas from December 8 -11 there will be held in Lima, Peru, the People's Summit on Climate Change as an alternative event of indigenous peoples and civil society to the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Convention on Change climate or COP 20, during which a World March will be held in Defense of Mother Earth on December 10 under the slogan: "Change the system, not the climate."

It is agreed:

In support of the People's Summit on Climate Change, and the World March in Defense of Mother Earth, the Indigenous Communicators of Abya Yala shall disseminate the contributions that are developed from this alternative effort from the perspective of Indigenous Peoples.

We salute the 90th anniversary of the Kuna Revolution February 2015 in Panama.

Popayán, Cauca - Abya Yala [Colombia] November 2014

CRIC 
Consejo Regional Indígena Regional del Cauca - CRIC

###
Translation: TONATIERRA

Sunday, October 26, 2014

Magia de Estado en el Documento Final de la HLPM - ONU


Steven Newcomb
29/09/14

Los prestidigitadores son muy conscientes de un hecho clave: Lo que los miembros del público enfocan su atención determina lo que se pierden. La redirección es fundamental para el arte de la magia. Los magos consiguen que el público se centre en una cosa mientras algo totalmente desapercibido está sucediendo ante sus ojos. Esta es una buena metáfora de lo que ha sucedido en relación con el documento final de la Reunión Plenaria de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas a ser conocida como "la Conferencia Mundial de los Pueblos Indígenas."

Ese documento final fue aprobado por la Asamblea General de la ONU el 22 de septiembre de 2014. No fue un documento de consenso, porque el Caucus Norteamericano de los Pueblos Indígenas (NAIPC) se retiró oficialmente del Grupo Coordinador Global, pidió la anulación de la RPAN ONU, y se negó a participar en la redacción de un documento final impulsado y controlado por los Estados. Un examen de la versión final del documento que ahora ha sido aprobado como resolución de la ONU revela que las preocupaciones del NAIPC estaban bien fundadas.

El Documento Final de la RPAN ONU se basa en un mal encaminamiento amañado y muy especializado. El texto del documento aleja la atención de un hecho céntrico: El objeto del documento es la presunción que los pueblos existen bajo la dominación o el dominio de los Estados. ¿El cómo los pueblos llamados "indígenas", se liberarán del marco de dominación estatal a través de su ejercicio de la libre determinación?, no fue enfoque de discusión en la Reunión Plenaria de Alto Nivel de la ONU de la Asamblea General de la ONU.

En vez de proporcionar una oportunidad para una discusión de la dominación estatal sobre los pueblos llamados "indígenas", los gobiernos estatales esperaron que todos dieran por aceptada la idea de que los pueblos denominados "indígenas" se limiten a "aspirar" alcanzar ciertos derechos en el futuro, mientras siguen existiendo bajo el dominio de los estados. El Documento Final de la ONU fue escrito sobre la base de la suposición de que los pueblos llamados "indígenas" nunca existirán libres de la dominación o dominio estatal.

En nombre de "la aplicación de" los "fines" y el apoyo a los "principios" de la Declaración de la ONU sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, los gobiernos estatales han creado y ahora adoptado un Documento Final que acepta en su valor nominal la idea subyacente de que los estados siempre serán dominantes sobre las naciones y los pueblos llamados "indígenas".

Como resultado del mal encaminamiento amañado y especializado, el movimiento a la RPAN ONU fue un camino de locura. En lugar de cuestionar la dominación estatal desafiante sobre nuestras naciones y pueblos originariamente libres, aquellos que pretenden apoyar los intereses y las opiniones de los pueblos indígenas inadvertidamente, han aceptado la dominación estatal como un hecho. Sin darse cuenta, han estado exigiendo "derechos" bajo el dominio estatal.

Esos representantes indígenas han sido engañados por el camino errante y perjudicial que llevó a la Reunión Plenaria de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas que tuvo lugar el 22 y 23 de septiembre de 2014. Permitieron que sus ojos y su atención se desvíen lejos de lo que los estados han estado haciendo para manipular nuestras Naciones y Pueblos a través de maniobras de prestidigitación de la mano y prestidigitación del texto.

Una técnica bien establecida de prestidigitación de texto involucra el simbolizar y constituir el dominio estatal al siempre designar sus identificadores en mayúsculas (por ejemplo, "Estados", "Gobiernos" "Jefes de Estado"), mientras que la ortografía de "pueblos indígenas" con "p" y "i" minúsculas. Esta técnica es utiliza en todo el Documento Final.

¿Cómo puedo estar tan seguro de la presunción de dominación estatal o dominio? Mi certeza es el resultado de enfocarme en el contexto de la palabra "Indígena" como se usa en las Naciones Unidas, de lo cual he escrito antes. Tomemos, por ejemplo, el informe de la ONU, 2009, "Estado de los Pueblos Indígenas del Mundo," publicado por el Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, División de Política Social y Desarrollo, y la Secretaría del Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas. Los autores del informe explican que Naciones Unidas nunca ha adoptado oficialmente una definición de los pueblos indígenas.

Sin embargo, los autores del informe entonces citan el lenguaje de un par de diferentes fuentes para proporcionar un marco de referencia u orientación mental, por lo que el lector tendrá una idea de lo que se entiende por la palabra "indígena" (la ortografía oficial de la ONU) en Naciones Unidas. Los autores del informe proporcionan las siguientes opciones de la Convención 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, artículo 1, b:

a los pueblos en países independientes, considerados indígenas por el hecho de descender de poblaciones que habitaban en el país... en la época de la conquista o la colonización o del establecimiento de las actuales fronteras estatales y que, cualquiera que sea su situación jurídica, conserven todas sus propias instituciones sociales, económicas, culturales y políticas, o parte de ellas.

Luego en la página seis del informe "Estado de los Pueblos Indígenas del Mundo" los autores escriben:

El concepto de pueblos indígenas se desprende de la experiencia colonial, en el que los pueblos aborígenes de una tierra dada fueron marginados después de haber sido invadidos por las potencias coloniales, cuyos pueblos son ahora dominantes sobre los ocupantes anteriores. . . la dominación y el desplazamiento, por supuesto, no han sido practicados exclusivamente por los colonos blancos y los colonialistas.

Las palabras y las frases en el párrafo anterior que contienen el significado de dominación incluyen: "experiencia colonial", "aborígenes", "marginados", "invadidos", "potencias coloniales", "ahora dominantes", "dominación", "desplazamiento" "colonos blancos" y "colonialistas". Y, si tuviéramos que continuar con la siguiente frase que analiza el contexto de Asia y África, habría que añadir "grupos dominantes", "suprimidos" y "marginados".

En la página seis del informe "Estado de los Pueblos Indígenas del Mundo" nos encontramos con una prueba más de la utilización del encaminamiento amañado. Por ejemplo, los autores del informe no dicen "pueblos aborígenes" habiendo sido "invadidos por las potencias coloniales" resultaron siendo "dominados". Los autores dicen que el resultado fue que los "pueblos aborígenes" fueron "marginados".

Los autores del informe utilizan la palabra "marginados" a pesar de haber reconocido la existencia de los pueblos que son "ahora dominantes sobre los ocupantes anteriores." Teniendo en cuenta ese reconocimiento, los autores deberían haber escrito acerca de "los pueblos ahora dominantes sobre los ocupantes anteriores dominados."

Que los autores del informe de la ONU estaban conscientes del contexto que estoy explicando se hace evidente por la primera palabra de la frase que aparece dos frases después: "Dominación" Esa palabra y los ejemplos anteriores identifican explícitamente el contexto de la palabra "Indígena". Es también el contexto del Documento Final de la RPAN ONU ostensiblemente adoptado para la "aplicación" de lo que podemos llamar con exactitud la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Dominados llamados "indígenas". Es este el contexto que hace que sea absurdo llamar a la "igualdad" entre nuestras Naciones Originalmente libres y los estados de dominación. Lo que si tiene sentido es que nuestras Naciones formen un compromiso inquebrantable para enfrentar el reto ineludible de acabar con la dominación.

Steven Newcomb (Shawnee, Lenape) es co-fundador y co-director del Instituto de Derecho Indígena, y autor de Paganos en Tierra Prometida: Descifrando la Doctrina Cristiana del Descubrimiento (Fulcrum, 2008). Él ha estado estudiando derecho estadounidense federal indígena y el derecho internacional desde la década de 1980.